AGROTERRORISM

• Agricultural Bioterrorism Article by Radford G. Davis, DVM. (October 2001). The site provides a good introductory primer on agricultural bioterrorism.
• Agrodefense Information Resources News and resource links from the Humanitarian Resource Institute.
• Agroterrorism This sub-section of Center for Nonproliferation Studies - Chemical & Biological Weapons Resource Page provides information on state programs to develop offensive agroterrorist capabilities, a chronology of attacks targeting crops and livestock, and a page providing analyses, legislation, and other links on the subject.
• Agroterrorism Center for Nonproliferation Studies (MIIS) site on agroterrorism. Site provides links to state programs, resource links, and chronology of attacks and incidents.
• Agroterrorism: Ready to Respond University of Minnesota Extension Service. Large collection of agroterrorism-related resource links.
• Article: The Role of Disease Surveillance in the Watch for Agroterrorism or Economic Sabotage Dorothy B. Preslar, Director AHEAD/ILIAD, November 2000

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CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS & WARFARE

• Airborne Pathogen Database This site was compiled from a collaborative effort in aerobiological engineering at Pennsylvania State University.
• Article: The Biological Weapon -- A Poor Nation's Weapon of Mass Destruction Battlefield of the Future-21st Century Warfare Issues. Written by Lt Col Terry N. Mayer, USAF.
• Article: Bioterrorism Special Report A collection of bioterrorism articles from New Scientist.
• Bioterror Nova's companion Web site to its documentary "Bioterror." The site has excellent resources: History of Biowarfare, Future Germ Defenses, Interviews with Biowarriors (Bill Patrick, Ken Alibek, and Sergei Popov), Global Guide to Bioweapons, Making Vaccines, and Resources on Bioterror.
• Article: The Bioweaponeers A very interesting article written by Richard Preston for the New Yorker Magazine. The article provides information about Ken Alibek, a.k.a. Dr. Kanatjan Alibekov, First Deputy Chief of Research and Production for Soviet Bioweapons Program.
• Article: The Darker BioWeapons Future (pdf file) This article was recently unclassified by the CIA. It reflects the dramatic changes in potential biological attacks. 3 November 2003.
• Article: Chemical and Biological Warfare Unmasked Written by Joseph D. Douglass, Jr., co-author of CBW: The Poor Man's Atomic Bomb. (Source: Wall Street Journal, 2 Nov 95)
• Article: Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Terrorism From Perspectives, Canadian Security Intelligence Service publication, Report # 2000/02, December 18, 1999.
• Article: Historical Trends in BioTerrorism: An Empirical Analysis A very interesting article written by Jonathan B. Tucker of the Monterey Institute of International Studies and published in a special by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Article: Biological Weapons for Waging Economic Warfare Battlefield of the Future-21st Century Warfare Issues. Lt Col Terry N. Mayer, USAF.
• Bacteriological Warfare...A Civil Defense Manual A pretty comprehensive manual written by Larry Wayne Harris, R.M. Popular with the Anarchist types....
• The Basics of Chemical and Biological Weapons Detectors By Margaret E. Kosal, PhD. An awesome primer on current detector technology for both chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents. November 24, 2003.
• Biological and Chemical Fact Sheets (Center for Disease Control) This section includes disease/agent specific information pertaining to two basic categories--biological agents/diseases and chemical agents.
• Bio Warfare Official Site The site provides an overview of biological agents, terrorism, and warfare.
• Biological Warfare and Its Cutaneous Manifestations An awesome primer!! Great graphics! From the Electronic Textbook on Dermatology. This article attempts to eliminate some of the mystery of BW by discussing the history and background of biological weapons and by reviewing agents that cause cutaneous disease.
  
• Biological Weapons An essay on biological warfare written by Dr. R. E. Hurlbert, microbiologist. (1997)
• NOVA’s Bioterror This is the companion Web site to "Bioterror," scheduled to rebroadcast on Tuesday, September 2, 2003. The film follows three New York Times reporters as they delve into the murky past of bioweapons research and grapple with the current threat of anthrax and other attacks. Here's what you'll find online: History of Biowarfare, Future Germ Defenses, Interviews with Biowarriors, Global Guide to Bioweapons, Making Vaccines (Hot Science), Resources on Bioterror, and a Teacher's Guide to Bioterrorism.
• Bioterrorism Pathogens A short primer on six deadly pathogens by US Today.
• CBWinfo.com CBWinfo's site provides demonstration examples of the CBWinfo collection of fact sheets on biological and chemical warfare agents. The fact sheets are prepared for use as an aid in training and orientation of medical and emergency personnel. Each page is organized with important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic information at the top with secondary information, such as background information and history following the key points.
• Chemical Agents and Treaties Site contains basic information on chemical agents, treaties, and links regarding pepper spray (OC) technology. (Zarc International)
• Chem-Bio.Com Tempest Publishing's Chem-Bio.com is designed to help those on the front lines of countering today's chem-bio terrorism threat.
• Chemical and Biological Weapons & WMD Terrorism News Archive The Chemical and Biological Weapons & WMD Terrorism News Archive is compiled from the tri-weekly news service offered by the Washington office of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. This news listserver archive consists of links to and key excerpts from articles, testimony, newspaper and magazine articles, government reports, speeches and specialized news reporting services. Topics covered include CBW state programs, nonproliferation treaties and verification measures, destruction of CBW, incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons (CBRN) including, threats, hoaxes, international contaminations, poisonings or agent release, threat assessment, national and international policies and legislation. Great resource!
• Chemical Warfare Center for Defense Information (CDI) Chemical and Biological Weapons Site. The CDI is an independent, non-profit research organization that monitors military affairs throughout the world.
• Institute for BioSecurity IBS offers a wealth of information on CD-ROMs, reference cards, and free downloadable files for PDAs for health care professionals. Saint Louis University School of Public Health.
• Chemical and Biological Warfare Great links...
• Chemical and Biological Weapons-Could It Happen Here? PBS Online Forum (11 Feb 98)
• Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page CNS information site on CB weapons. Topics include CBW nonproliferation regime, possession and proliferation, CBW terrorism and response, past use and incidents, CB warfare and defense, CW demilitarization, and CBW characteristics.
• Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present Comprehensive site. Courtesy of the Center of Nonproliferation Studies (CNS).
• Chemical Weapons in Russia: History, Ecology, Politics by Doctor of Chemical Sciences Lev Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Moscow Center of Ecological Policy of Russia, [27 July 1994]
• Chemical Weapons Convention Homepage The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons' (OPCW) mission is to implement the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention in order to achieve the OPCW's vision of a world free of chemical weapons, and a world in which co-operation in chemistry for peaceful purposes for all is fostered.
• Chemical Weapons Working Group The Chemical Weapons Working Group (CWWG) is an international coalition of citizens living near chemical weapons storage sites in the United States, the Pacific and Russia who will be most affected by the disposal of these munitions. The CWWG mission is to oppose incineration of chemical weapons as an unsafe disposal method and to work with all appropriate decision-making bodies to ensure the safe disposal of these munitions and other chemical warfare and toxic material.
• CIA on Chemical Weapons
• CNN Special on Biological and Chemical Weapons This site lists some of the countries commonly cited by experts as having probable or known involvement in chemical and/or biological weapons. It also has a short and informative primer on biological and chemical weapons.
• CS Persistent Tear Gas Drop Photo essay of a CS tear gas drop. 1969. Photos contributed by Barry D. Echols.
• CW Terrorism Manual This tutorial addresses several aspects of chemical warfare (CW) terrorism, with the goal of providing a greater understanding of the threat and the available policy responses. The tutorial is organized into six chapters. This introductory chapter defines CBW terrorism, explores what types of terrorist groups would be most likely to carry out such attacks, and summarizes U.S. government actions to combat CBW terrorism before and after September 11. The next five chapters focus on the technical aspects of CW terrorism, including historical cases of CW terrorism; the chemical agents of greatest concern; the technical hurdles associated with their acquisition, production, and delivery; and approaches to the prevention and mitigation of CW terrorist incidents.
• Defending Against Invisible Killers -- Biological Agents DefenseLink site
• Educational Module on Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels, VUB) and the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) provides this Educational Module on Chemical and Biological Weapons (CBW) Non-proliferation to improve your knowledge and understanding of non-proliferation in general and CBW non-proliferation in particular.
• Gas Warfare in World War I A brief historical overview of chemical warfare in WWI.
• Hidden Killers: Deadly Viruses Learn all about the basics of viruses, their evolutionary history, their discovery, what vaccines have been developed, and how they may evolve in the future. Find out how viruses infect and how you can prevent infection. Examine profiles of diseases caused by viruses: polio, measles, AIDs, ebola, smallpox, and more. The threat of military and terrorist uses of viruses as biological weapons is also studied at this excellent site.
• History of Biological Warfare This site provides a historical perspective of biological warfare.
• How Biological and Chemical Warfare Works This fundamental primer is from Howstuffworks.com.
• How Gas Masks Work How Stuff Works looks at the technology behind gas masks so you can understand how they work, and when they won't.
• Johns Hopkins University Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies The Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies established this Web site as one of its communication tools in helping avert bioterrorism and its devastating effects. Its goal is to educate their colleagues, public leaders, and the traditional response community in the medical and public health aspects of a bioattack.
  It provides up-to-date information on the biological agents of greatest concern and explores ways to prevent, and respond to their use on civilians. In addition, this site serves as an expanding repository for relevant news, conferences, background reading, and other bioterrorism-related resources.
• "Mad Scientists" - South Africa's chemical and biological weapons program The site provides extensive archives of articles and links relating to the apartheid government's projects and the current trial of their mastermind - Dr Wouter Basson, dubbed "Dr Death" by the South African media.
• Microbiology 101: Biological Weapons and Malignant Biology: An Internet Text An awesome site from Washington State University! Check out the text and recent news section. The text includes the history of BW, Definition of Biological Weapons, Advantages and Disadvantages of Biological Weapons, Perfect Biological Weapons, List of Proven and Possible Biological Weapons, Viral and Bacterial Biological Weapons, Biologically Derived Bioactive Substance (BDBS), Genetically Modified BW, Ethnic Bomb, Biological Weapons Delivery, etc.
• National Biosecurity Resource Center for Animal Health Emergencies (NBRCAHE) NBRCAHE is designed to provide government, commodity groups, veterinarians, and producers with an online resource to meet the challenges associated with animal health emergencies. In addition to a library of reading materials, the site provides state regulation for carcass disposal and links to sites offering personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures.
• Neuroscience Resources for Kids - Nerve Agents Good explanation on how nerve agents work.
• Noah's Ark: Chemical-Biological Weapons Menu Interesting site... practical preparedness.
• Plague War-A Report on the Biological Weapon Threat... PBS Online article (Oct 98) on how the Soviet Union secretly amassed an arsenal of biological weapons, FAQs, Anthrax leak of 1979, interviews, etc....
• Plum Island Animal Disease Center The Plum Island Animal Disease Center, operated by a division of the Department of Agriculture, is responsible for research and diagnosis to protect US animal industries and exports against catastrophic economic losses caused by foreign animal disease agents accidentally or deliberately introduced into the United States.
• Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) continues to work with DoD to obtain information as to the nature and availability of the tests, who participated, duration and agents used. This site provides information on Project SHAD to include DoD fact sheets concerning six SHAD tests: Autumn Gold, Eager Belle Phase I, Eager Belle Phase II, Copper Head, Scarlet Sage, and Shady Grove.
• Radiation Issues (Dirty Bomb Reference) (pdf file) Radiological Medical Countermeasures. Department of Homeland Security Working Group on Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Preparedness.  1 May 2003.
• SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare
• The Tao of Chemical-Biological Warfare This website is intended to present the subject of CBW in a form that is understandable and suitable for mastering the topic. This website concentrates on the operational aspects of CBW... a devise is used that assumes a neutral tone that assumes no objection to the use of CBW in conflict. The devise is not an endorsement for the use of CBW, just a convenient means to explain how CBW could be used hypothetically.
• Tear Gases This site contains detailed information regarding variety of tear-gases, riot control agents, and chemical war agents.
• Toxins- Potential Weapons from Living Organisms (OPCW)
• Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East Comprehensive CNS site on WMD in the Middle East. A must read!
• Who has Chem-Bio Weapons? Page from the Center for Defense Information's Chem-Bio Weapons Site. The page lists countries that are known to possess or to be actively seeking some form of chem-bio weapons capability.
• "Yellow Rain" Controversy Research story of the week from the Monterey Institute of International Studies.

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CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - USA Prevents exposure and adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources.
• Alchemy Web Site An awesome site!  Over 90 megabytes online of information on alchemy in all its facets. Divided into over 1300 sections and providing tens of thousands of pages of text, over 2000 images, over 200 complete alchemical texts, extensive bibliographical material on the printed books and manuscripts, numerous articles, introductory and general reference material on alchemy. This site is organized by Adam McLean, the well known authority on alchemical texts and symbolism, author and publisher of over 40 books on alchemical and Hermetic ideas.
• American Chemical Society (ACS) Publications This page serves as an entryway to all of the ACS publications. Subscription information as well as current journal article highlights are available.
• American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE) AIChE is a nonprofit organization providing leadership to the chemical engineering profession. Representing 57,000 members in industry, academia, and government, AIChE provides forums to advance the theory and practice of the profession, upholds high professional standards and ethics, and supports excellence in education.
• Atomic Weights and Isotopic Composition with Relative Atomic Masses The atomic weights are available for elements 1 through 112, 114, & 116 and isotopic compositions or abundances are given when appropriate. Developers and Contributors: J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, and R. A. Dragoset, NIST, Physics Laboratory, Office of Electronic Commerce in Scientific and Engineering Data.
• Chemical and Engineering News Magazine Published by the American Chemical Society (ACS).
• Chemical Engineering Programs in the USA Academic institutions related to chemical and process engineering located in the United States of America.
• Chemical Engineering Resource Links Includes links to chemical engineering-related organizations, software companies, periodicals, education, equipment, and the Chemical Engineering Web Ring.
• Chemistry Demonstrations for Educators A collection of sites that detail chemistry demonstrations.
• Chemistry Jokes Great stuff!
• ChemFinder Searching The ChemFinder WebServer is designed to make it as easy as possible to locate common types of chemical information. You may enter a chemical name, formula, molecular weight, or CAS Registry Number. The ChemFinder WebServer will identify the type of search you want and provide the hits accordingly. It will also allow you to view your chemical structures in ChemDraw or Chem3D. You will need to download the ChemDraw Plugin and/or Chem3D Plugin and use the Plug-In-enhanced version of the ChemFinder WebServer.
• Chemical Engineering: University of Florida Chemical Engineering Homepage Huge resource of information and links.
• Chemical Engineering Magazine
• Chemistry SparkNotes Simple and easy-to-understand notes on Chemistry fundamentals.
• ChemSketch: Advanced Chemistry Development ChemSketch has a good set of lab equipment templates, as well as many molecular structure templates. Free download ... the free version is fully functional and very useful.
• The Chemical Engineers' Resource Page This website focuses on chemical engineering information and news.
• Chemistry Teaching Resources This is a comprehensive list of chemistry teaching resources on the Internet. From the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
• ChE.Com McGraw Hill's Chemical Engineering magazine online.
• Chemist's Art Gallery The Chemist's Art Gallery contains spectacular visualization and animations in chemistry done at the Visualization and Animation Laboratory at CSC and groups at other locations.
• Chemistry Department Homepage, US Military Academy The homepage includes information about the current faculty, their research interests, course descriptions, and facilities.
• Chemistry Department Homepage, US Naval Academy
• Chemistry Department Homepage, US Air Force Academy
• Chemistry Course Notes by Tom Stretton Tom Stretton's Homepage provides information on nuclear chemistry, entropy, organic chemistry, molecular architecture, etc. Great primer for a chemistry novice and good refresher/reference.
• ChemInfo Searchable Database This database offers comprehensive, summarized occupational health and safety information for chemicals.
• ChemWeb.com ChemWeb.com is a unique combination of a wide range of information relevant to anyone in chemical research and the chemicals industry.
• Chemistry Humor: Molecules with Silly or Unusual Names
• Controversial Chemistry Lab At the Chem Lab, you can find information on a large number of chemicals that have a certain stigma attached to them. Chemicals such as explosives, drugs, and pesticides are vitally important for the survival of our civilization.  The Controversial Chem Lab was created to be a free reference on how to synthesize chemicals. It is also a virtual laboratory skills manual, complete with descriptions on how to conduct laboratories, and a visual database on many different kinds of laboratory apparatus. While the Chem Lab is written for the non-chemist audience, it does require a basic understanding of laboratory skills. Of course, all of the information needed to acquire a basic understanding of lab skills is included within the site. The Chem Lab even goes the extra mile in providing information on how to synthesize many of the chemicals used in making explosives, etc. It also provides information on where to acquire certain chemicals and apparatus. While all of this information is perfectly legal, it may be against the law in certain areas to prepare some of these chemicals without the proper license. Warning: Stupidity has its own rewards… and most of the time it is very painful.
• Chemistry-related Animations The animations on this site can be used with General, Organic and Biochemistry courses. They are in Apple Quicktime format.
• Chemical Unit Heraldry This site provides descriptions, symbolism, background, etc. of distinctive unit insignias and coat of arms of various chemical units.
• Exploratorium's Top Ten Cool Chemistry Sites This site puts science into everyday life, with informative descriptions of the chemistry behind the products we use on a regular basis.
• History of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology
• ChemSpy Chemical Searching The Internet Navigator for the Chemical Industry. ChemSpy.com makes the most important Chemistry and Chemical Engineering related www-Databases readily accessible. At ChemSpy.com you can do general searches choosing from a number of search engines like AltaVista, Yahoo, Lycos etc. You can do specific chemistry related searches using the ChemIndustry.com or the Chemedia.com search engine. ChemSpy.com helps you to find chemistry and chemical engineering related terms, definitions, synonyms, acronyms and abbreviations. Also search forms for finding MSDS/safety data, scientific publications in over 20,000 different journals, physical data of chemical compounds, worldwide patents are available.
• Dr. Henry Boyter Jr. – Environmental, Science, and Textile Web Links Comprehensive portal to access sites related to chemical, environmental, and other science-related sites.
• HSELINE Searchable Database HSELINE is a key source of over 184,000 references to the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and other European literature.
• Links for Chemists Links for Chemists is an index of over 7,850 chemistry resources on the web. It is the Chemistry section of The WWW Virtual Library.
• List of the Elements Everything that you wanted to know about the elements and more.
• Mad Science Discussion Board The Mad Science forum is primarily focused on chemistry. Topics include chemistry in general, organic chemistry, reagents and apparatus/equipment, techno-chemistry, energetic materials, biochemistry & more…
• MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) A great source for MSDS.
• Mol4D: Molecules in Four Dimensions Mol4D is a general and organic chemistry educational web site. Mol4D requires the Chime plug-in to show molecular structures.
• Molecule of the Month Interesting page! The links will take you to a page where useful (and hopefully entertaining!), information can be found about a particularly interesting molecule. VX, Mustard Gas, Sarin, Anatoxin, Saxitoxin, Atropine, Agent Orange, etc!

• MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Where to find MSDSs on the Internet...links to many sites.

• MSDS Searchable Index The MSDS database is a collection of approximately 100,000 MSDSs for chemical product information provided directly from the manufacturer.
• MIT's OpenCourseWare (OCW) MIT's OpenCourseWare is a free and open educational resource for faculty, students, and self-learners around the world. OCW supports MIT's mission to advance knowledge and education. Courses include chemistry, biology, biological engineering, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, etc.
• Mustard Gas Molecule of the Month: Mustard Gas by Rebecca Holland, Bristol University. This page provides a brief overview of the history and chemistry of mustard gas. Other versions of this page include Chime-Enhanced and ChemSymphony-Enhanced.
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (NPG) The NPG is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. The NPG does not contain an analysis of all pertinent data; rather it presents key information and data in abbreviated or tabular form for chemicals or substance groupings (e.g. cyanides, fluorides, manganese compounds) that are found in the work environment.
• NIST Chemistry WebBook NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69 - February 2000 Release. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to provide thermochemical, thermophysical, and ion energetics data (compiled by NIST under the Standard Reference Data Program).
• The Particle Adventure The Particle Data Group of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory presents an award-winning interactive tour of quarks, neutrinos, antimatter, extra dimensions, dark matter, accelerators, and particle detectors. Great site covering the fundamentals of matter and force!
• Periodic Table: The Visual Elements Periodic Table The Visual Elements Periodic Table is a visual arts and science collaborative project supported by the Royal Society of Chemistry which aims to explore and reflect upon the diversity of elements that comprise matter in as unique and innovative manner as possible.
• Periodic Table of Comic Books Click on an element to see a list of comic book pages involving that element. Click on a thumbnail on the list to see a full comic book page.
• Periodic Table: LennTech Periodic Table This periodic table of elements is a detailed chart that assists you in finding information on separate elements. Each chemical element contains a link to a page that explains its chemical properties, health effects, environmental effects, application data, an image and also information of the history/inventor of each element.
• Periodic Spiral Periodic Spiral is a textually rich, highly informative tool for exploring the chemical elements. In conventional versions of the Mendeleyevian periodic table, the lanthanons and the actinons are poorly integrated. Moreover, the traditional and alternative placements of hydrogen neither effectively convey the element's unique status nor indicate its chemical similarities and partial affinities to the noble gases, the halogens and the alkali metals. Periodic Spiral illustrates more clearly hydrogen's ambiguous relation to the noble gases, halogens and chalcogens while recognizing its relation to the alkali metals; it also fully integrates the lanthanons and actinons into the design.
• PharmWeb PharmWeb is the first-stop Internet site for pharmaceutical information. It is a structured pharmaceutical information server that services pharmaceutical and health related organizations.
• Possible Mechanisms of Action for Chemical Warfare Gases Paper by Galen Daryl Knight and Vitale Therapeutics, Inc.
• RTECS Searchable Database The NISHTIC Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) database contains detailed profiles of over 140,000 chemical substances.
• Tom's Free Chemistry Software Reference A comprehensive collection of links to free chemistry-related software on the Internet. You will find programs to balance chemical equations to fitting data from a gle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS).
• Top 20 Chemistry Sites This site contains a directory and selection of the best chemistry-related sites on the Internet. It contains links to numerous sites and includes topics as: chemistry 101, analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, chromatography, electrochemistry, elements, and polymers.
• U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) The CSB is an independent, scientific investigatory agency. The principal role of the chemical safety board is to investigate accidents to determine the conditions and circumstances which led up to the event and to identify the cause(s) so that similar events might be prevented.
• University of Wisconsin Chemistry Homepage Great page....lots of information and links.
• Vanderbilt Environmental Health and Safety Vanderbilt's site contains information and links regarding radioactive licensing and use, industrial hygiene, occupational safety, and food safety.
• WebElement's Periodic Table WebElements aims to be a high quality source of information on the WWW relating to the periodic table. You will find thousands of graphics showing elements structures and periodic properties here. Author: Mark Winter [University of Sheffield, England], Royal Society of Chemistry 1998 HE Teaching Award winner.

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CONFERENCES

Please see the NBC-Links.com Discussion Board for conferences.

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DECONTAMINATION

• Mass Decon: Mass Casualty Decontamination: Massachusetts' Rapid Response System Massachusetts' RRS fact sheet on mass casualty decontamination.

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DIRECTED ENERGY WEAPONS

• Almost Complete, Unofficial HERF and other Radio Weapons Information Page HERF: High Energy Radio Frequency... as in HERF gun: a device that can disrupt the normal operation of digital equipment such as computers and navigational equipment by directing High Energy Radio Frequency energy at them.
• Directed Energy Image Archives Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories.
• EMP: Statement of Dr. George W. Ullrich, Deputy Director, Defense Special Weapons Agency Dr. Ullrich provides a brief overview of the effects produced by nuclear weapons, to include lessons learned during both the United States' and Soviet Union's atmospheric nuclear test programs. Particular emphasis is given to the most significant effects in a scenario in which an adversary uses one or a few nuclear weapons detonated at a high altitude. He discusses what we have learned about providing affordable protection, how threat level environments are simulated and how testing is performed to validate EMP hardness.
• EMP: Special Weapons Primer Nuclear weapon EMP effects by the Federation of American Scientists.

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DOMESTIC PREPAREDNESS & TERRORISM

• Advice for Safeguarding Buildings Against Chemical or Biological Attack This web site contains building protection guidance from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It provides current advice for dealing with a biological or chemical release in a building. The advice on this site is appropriate for small and medium-sized releases such as those that would be expected from a terrorist attack, not for industrial-scale releases such as those at Bhopal, India or Chernobyl, Ukraine.
• Air War College Gateway to Homeland Security The Air War College offers a homeland security portal page. Its primary function is to provide an enormous number of homeland security links to websites in government, the Defense Department, and the private sector.
• American Red Cross Homeland Security Advisory System Recommendations for Individuals, Families, Neighborhoods, Schools, and Businesses The White House issued Homeland Security Directive-3, in March 2002, which established five threat conditions for possible terrorist attack. General explanations were given for preparedness activities for each level, but these were intended mainly for government agencies. Across the country questions of "What does a condition 'yellow' mean to me or my family? or What does this mean to a business or school?" remained. The American Red Cross recognized the need and developed a complementary set of guidelines for individuals, families, neighborhoods, schools, and businesses.
• ANSER's Homeland Defense Site Analytic Services, Inc. (ANSER) has initiated a Homeland Defense Strategic Thrust - a cornerstone strategy upon which ANSER intends to support the national security community. They intend to implement their vision of enhancing public safety by helping the nation identify and develop strategies, plans, and capabilities to address 21st-century threats...chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and cyber (CBRN/C) attacks against the United States. The specific requirements of prevention, deterrence, and detection are critical components of the readiness equation that require further attention.
• Anthrax: "Lessons from the Anthrax Attacks:  Implications for US Bioterrorism Preparedness.  (pdf file) Center for Strategic and International Studies and The Defense Threat Reduction Agency.  April 2002.
• Article: Consequence Management: Domestic Response to WMD Written by Chris Seiple published in Parameters (Autumn 97).
• Article: Nonconventional Terrorism: Chemical, Nuclear, and Biological Written by Boaz Ganor and reprinted by the International Policy Institute for Counter Terrorism (ICT).
• Bioterrorism:  Public Health Response to Anthrax Incidents of 2001 (pdf file) GAO-04-152, October 15.
• Bioterrorism Rapid Response Card (pdf file) This card will aid healthcare workers in recognizing bioterrorism-related illnesses. Healthcare providers should be alert to illness patterns and diagnostic clues that might signal an act of bioterrorism (BT). The card provides clinical and epidemiological clues are suggestive of a possible BT event. NY State Department of Health.
• Bioterrorism Resources Bioterrorism Resources from the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC). Site includes agent information links, Economic Impact, Epidemiology, Identification and Diagnosis, Management and Treatment, Resources and Reference, Scenarios, Threat of Bioterrorism, and Vaccination.
• Center for the Study of Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections The center is located at the Saint Louis University, School of Public Health. It strives to provide a comprehensive and coordinated training and preparedness program across the full continuum of public health activities in the United States to protect Americans from both the intentional use of biological agents and emerging infections.
• Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) The Office of Justice Programs' Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) provides a unique environment and opportunity to offer specialized advanced training to state and local emergency responders in the management and remediation of incidents of domestic terrorism, especially those involving chemical agents and other toxic substances. Co-located with the CDP is the U.S. Public Health Service's Noble Hospital Training Center. The Public Health Service's training will focus on medical community responses to terrorist events.
• Center for State Homeland Security The Center for State Homeland Security is a unique national resource dedicated to supporting state and local governments carry out their crucial role in homeland security while supporting the evolution of a national strategy across all levels of government and the private sector. The Center is structured as a non-profit partnership where the National Emergency Management Association (NEMA), the Adjutants General Association of the United States (AGAUS) and Mitretek Systems jointly undertake project activities and govern the Center under the auspices of an advisory board.
• Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO), Environmental Protection Agency EPA's CEPPO provides leadership, advocacy, and assistance to: 1) Prevent and prepare for chemical emergencies; 2) Respond to environmental crises; and 3) Inform the public about chemical hazards in their community.
• Disaster-Resource.com The Disaster-Resource website offers multiple forms of information for responding to manmade and natural catastrophes: articles, products for responding to emergencies, weblinks, book reviews, and an extensive list of upcoming events in disaster management.
• Department of Defense Installation Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High-Yield Explosive Emergency Response Guidelines (DoD Instruction 2000.18) The DOJ Emergency Responder Guidelines can provide useful insight for mutual support and other collaborative efforts between the installation and the local community for those responsible for installation-level CBRNE emergency preparedness planning, consistent with DOD Instruction 2000.18. 4 December 2002.
• Disaster Prep 101 A comprehensive civilian individual and family preparedness manual covering natural disaster and terrorism.  The manual also includes detailed sections covering CBRNE threats and reactions. 
• Domestic Preparedness.Com A new homepage on domestic preparedness.
• Emergency Management Institute (EMI) by FEMA EMI serves as the national focal point for the development and delivery of emergency management training to enhance the capabilities of Federal, State, and local government officials, volunteer organizations, and the private sector to minimize the impact of disasters on the American public. Instruction focuses on the four phases of emergency management; mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
• Emergency Management Institute Independent Study Courses Within the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Fire Administration, operates the Emergency Management Institute (EMI). EMI produces over forty independent study courses to train the general public as well as specific target audiences. The EMI Independent Study program consists of self-paced courses designed for people who have emergency management responsibilities and the general public. Courses are offered free-of-charge to all who qualify for enrollment, and college credit can be obtained through a for-fee service after successful completion of a course. Each Independent Study Course includes lessons with practice exercises and a final examination. Students who score 75 percent or better are issued a certificate of achievement from EMI. Course completion times vary from two to fourteen hours, depending on the course and the student’s background.
• Emergency Responder Guidelines (pdf file) First responder recommended training and operations standards.  DOJ, Office for Domestic Preparedness, 1 August 2002.
• Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2000) The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2000) was developed jointly by the US Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico (SCT) for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving a hazardous material. It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in (1) quickly identifying the specific or generic classification of the material(s) involved in the incident, and (2) protecting themselves and the general public during this initial response phase of the incident. The ERG is updated every three years to accommodate new products and technology.
• Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) 2000 (DOT) The 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2000) was developed for use by fire fighters, police, and other emergency services personnel who may be the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods. It is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in the incident, and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident.
• EmergencyNet Sponsored by the Emergency Response and Research Institute. This site provides fire, police, and EMS emergency response/news/information to include to CB weapon incidents.
• Emergency Response to CB Terrorist Incidents Article by Clark L. Staten, Executive Director of ERRI.
• Encyclopedia of WMD, Terrorism and other Related Terms The New Mexico WMD Working Group has compiled an encyclopedia of over 2,000 terms related to WMD response and terrorism. The encyclopedia can be searched by topic, alphabet, or by a specific word.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Homepage
• Fire and Emergency Services Preparedness Guide for the Homeland Security Advisory System (pdf file) Homeland Security Advisory System, US Fire Administration.  First Edition - January 2004
• Gilmore Commission Reports The Gilmore Commission is an advisory panel that is assessing the capabilities for responding to terrorist incidents in the U.S. homeland involving weapons of mass destruction. Response capabilities at the Federal, State, and local levels will be examined, with a particular emphasis on the latter two.
• Guide to Developing An Effective Security Plan For The Highway Transportation Of Hazardous Materials (pdf file) Developed by Battelle and Total Security. US for the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  2003 (undated).
• Guidance for Protective Actions Following a Radiological Terrorist Event Position statement of the Health Physics Society. January 2004.
• Hazardous Materials Operations Page Excellent source for current news article wrt hazardous materials and domestic response to CB/WMD incidents and attacks. Reference links included.
• Hazardous Material Guide for First Responders (FEMA/USFA) This book provides important information for the initial response to both transportation and fixed facility incidents. It has been designed to present the first responder with a maximum amount of useful key information in a limited amount of space.
• HAZ/MAT DQE HAZ/MAT DQE is the most experienced provider of specialized hazardous materials and WMD (weapons of mass destruction) training and equipment in the United States. Systems have been installed/trained at Tripler AMC, HI; Evans ACH, Ft Carson; Brooke AMC, Ft Sam Houston, TX; Leonard Wood ACH, Ft Leonard Wood, MO; Irwin ACH, Ft Riley, KS; and Ireland ACH, Ft Knox, KY.
• Guide for the Selection of Chemical Agent and Toxic Industrial Material Detection Equipment for Emergency First Responders (June 2000) National Institute of Justice's (NIJ) Guide for emergency first responders provides information about detecting chemical agents and toxic industrial materials and selecting equipment for different applications.
• Hazardous Materials Response Special Teams Capabilities and Contact Handbook (pdf file) US Coast Guard.
• Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response OSHA factsheet (pdf file).
• Homeland Security:  Efforts to Improve Information Sharing Need to Be Strengthened.  Report to the Secretary of Homeland Security, GAO-03-760, August 27, 2003.
• Homeland Security: Federal Leadership and Intergovernmental Cooperation Required to Achieve First Responder Interoperable Communications (pdf file) GAO Report: GAO-04-740, July 2004.
• Homeland Security: Communication Protocols and Risk Communication Principles Can Assist in Refining the Advisory System (pdf file) GAO Report: GAO-04-682, 25 June 2004.
• Individual Preparedness Response to Chemical, Radiological, Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks Rand Publication by Lynn E. Davis, Tom LaTourrette, David Mosher, Lois Davis, and David Howell. (The document is available electronically for free… .pdf files) Abstract: Individual preparedness is an important element of our nation's strategy for homeland security. This report adopts a scenario-driven approach that provides a rigorous way to identify actions—linked specifically to terrorist attacks—individuals can take to protect their health and safety. The result is an individual's strategy across four types of terrorist attacks—chemical, radiological, nuclear, and biological—consisting of overarching goals and simple and directive response and preparatory actions. The actions are appropriate regardless of likelihood of an attack, scale of attack, or government alert level; designed to be sensitive to potential variations; and defined in terms of simple rules that should be easy for individuals to adopt.
• Installation Preparedness for Weapons of Mass Destruction: Installation Commanders Blueprint (pdf file) Department of the Army, May 2001.
• Institute for Homeland Security The Institute’s mission is to provide executive education and public awareness of the challenges to homeland security in the 21st century.
• Introduction to NBC Terrorism: An Awareness Primer and Preparedness Guide for Emergency Responders. Primer by Robert J. Heyer, D.Sc. This paper is intended to provide an awareness-level introduction to the subject for first responders and community officials. The intention of this paper is to give responders and those managing community emergency programs enough basic information to safeguard themselves and those for whom they are responsible. This material should also be suitable for use as talking points for public information officers and those training or educating volunteer organizations or the general public.
• Kentucky Terrorism Response and Preparedness The Kentucky Department for Public Health contracted with the University of Kentucky to produce an interactive computer training program for Bioterrorism.  This training is free to use for any non-profit educational purpose.  Training consists of an introduction, six modules, conclusion, and a 25 question Certification Exam. 
• The National Emergency Response and Rescue Training Center (NERRTC) NERRTC was established to help federal, state and local officials, including law enforcement, firefighters, emergency medical personnel, and key agencies such as public works and emergency management, prepare for and respond to chemical, biological, or other terrorist acts.
• National Fire Protection Association The NFPA is the organization that sets standards for responding to hazardous material incidents.
• National Homeland Security Knowledgebase The definitive homeland security information resource. This site contains numerous sources of information on chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons of mass destruction plus other sites pertaining to various aspects of terrorism.
• National Response Center (NRC) Home Page The NRC is the sole federal point of contact for chemical and oil spills.
• Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) OSLDPS was created to assist state and local response agencies throughout the United States prepare for incidents of domestic terrorism. There are five ways OSLDPS, offers assistance to emergency response agencies: financial assistance, training, technical assistance, assessment, and exercises.
• OSHA National Emergency Management Plan (pdf file) December 2003. The National Emergency Management Plan (NEMP) clarifies procedures and policy for OSHA's National Office and Regional offices during responses to nationally significant incidents. The NEMP establishes OSHA's Emergency Preparedness Executive Steering Committee, and requires that each Region create a Regional Emergency Management Plan (REMP) and proactively coordinate with State plan States and Consultation Projects. In addition, the NEMP outlines procedures to ensure that trained and equipped personnel and logistical and operational assistance are in place to support OSHA's role as the primary Federal agency for the coordination of technical assistance and consultation for emergency response and recovery worker health and safety.
• Planning and Responding to Workplace Emergencies  OSHA factsheet (pdf file).
• Principal Emergency Response and Preparedness: Requirements and Guidance (pdf file) Several Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards explicitly require employers to have emergency action plans for their workplaces. Emergency preparedness is a well-known concept in protecting workers' safety and health. To help employers, safety and health professionals, training directors, and others, the OSHA requirements for emergencies are compiled and summarized in this booklet.  This publication provides a generic, non-exhaustive overview of OSHA standards for emergencies. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. US Department of Labor. OSHA 3122-06R. 2004.
• Protect and Survive Web Site An extensive archive of UK civil defense material dating from the 1950s to the 1980s. Excellent source of information.
• Advice for Safeguarding Buildings against Chemical or Biological Attack This web site contains building protection guidance from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It provides current advice for dealing with a biological or chemical release in a building. The advice on this site is appropriate for small and medium-sized releases such as those that would be expected from a terrorist attack, not for industrial-scale releases such as those at Bhopal, India or Chernobyl, Ukraine.
• Ready.gov Ready.gov is a common sense framework designed to launch a process of learning about citizen preparedness. It provides its audience information about potential threats and how to better prepare and react during an attack. One of the primary mandates of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is to educate the public, on a continuing basis, about how to be prepared in case of a national emergency – including a possible terrorist attack.
• Report: DoD Report to Congress (1 May 1997) Domestic Preparedness Program in the Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Responding to Incidents of National Consequence: Recommendations for America's Fire and Emergency Services Based on the Events of September 11, 2001, and Other Similar Incidents (pdf file) Emergency Response. FEMA.  May 2004.
• September 11: Overview of Federal Disaster to the New York City Area (pdf file) GAO Report: GAO-04-72, October 2003.
• Terrorists, Freedom Fighters, Crusaders, Propagandists, and Mercenaries on the Net Extremely comprehensive site for identification and information on potential/associated terrorist groups. Warning -- If your organization or national government carefully sifts through HTTP traffic, you might want to think twice before clicking on some of the sites.
• Terrorist Use of Chemical Weapons By Austin Godber. Full exploration of the issue.
• United American Civil Taskforce (UACT) The purpose and goal of UACT is to help develop Emergency Preparedness Teams in cities, towns and communities throughout America. A well prepared community will lessen the trauma caused by such events and will assist the State and Federal government to assure rapid response and recovery.
• Weapons of Mass Destruction: DOD's Actions to Combat Weapons Use Should Be More Integrated and Focused. NSIAD-00-97. 29 pp. plus 7 appendices (41 pp.) May 26, 2000.
• WMD FirstResponders.com This website was created by first responders to help improve the response capabilities of emergency communications centers, EMS, fire, rescue, HAZMAT, law enforcement, bomb squads, SWAT, hospitals, public health, risk management, security, emergency management, public works, disaster management, American Red Cross, and other responder agencies/organizations. Through information sharing, networking, planning, and research, first responders will become better prepared to respond to and manage terrorist events involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).
• Wireless Information System for First Responders (WISER) HAZMAT PDA reference guide, National Library of Medicine. WISER is a system designed to assist first responders in hazardous material incidents. WISER provides a wide range of information on hazardous substances, including substance identification support, physical characteristics, human health information, and containment and suppression advice. The operational version of WISER for Palm OS is now available for download.

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